A multi-lane highway with numerous vehicles, including cars and trucks, travels in both directions. The road surface appears wet from recent rain, reflecting the overcast sky. Tall apartment buildings line one side of the highway, while smaller commercial establishments are visible on the other side. Light traffic suggests a period of urban transit.
A multi-lane highway with numerous vehicles, including cars and trucks, travels in both directions. The road surface appears wet from recent rain, reflecting the overcast sky. Tall apartment buildings line one side of the highway, while smaller commercial establishments are visible on the other side. Light traffic suggests a period of urban transit.

Innovation

Advanced machine learning solutions for diverse predictive applications and insights.

A busy urban traffic scene with numerous cars lined up on multiple lanes in the foreground. Modern buildings and skyscrapers make up the background, with mountains visible in the distance. The sky is clear with a few clouds, and there are trees and some green spaces along the road.
A busy urban traffic scene with numerous cars lined up on multiple lanes in the foreground. Modern buildings and skyscrapers make up the background, with mountains visible in the distance. The sky is clear with a few clouds, and there are trees and some green spaces along the road.
An urban street scene with multiple lanes of traffic, tall buildings on either side, and green trees lining the sidewalks. Vehicles are stopped at a traffic light, and a few pedestrians can be seen crossing the street. Bicycles are parked on the left, and a traffic signal and bus are visible.
An urban street scene with multiple lanes of traffic, tall buildings on either side, and green trees lining the sidewalks. Vehicles are stopped at a traffic light, and a few pedestrians can be seen crossing the street. Bicycles are parked on the left, and a traffic signal and bus are visible.
A busy urban highway is lined with traffic heading towards the city skyline, which features modern high-rise buildings. Overhead road signs direct drivers towards various destinations. The sky is overcast, and the road is bordered by trees and lamp posts.
A busy urban highway is lined with traffic heading towards the city skyline, which features modern high-rise buildings. Overhead road signs direct drivers towards various destinations. The sky is overcast, and the road is bordered by trees and lamp posts.
A curved urban roadway with light traffic includes several vehicles such as cars, motorcycles, a bus, and an auto-rickshaw. Buildings line the background, indicating a city setting, while the surrounding greenery contrasts with the concrete structures.
A curved urban roadway with light traffic includes several vehicles such as cars, motorcycles, a bus, and an auto-rickshaw. Buildings line the background, indicating a city setting, while the surrounding greenery contrasts with the concrete structures.
A busy urban scene with heavy traffic on multiple lanes of a broad highway. Numerous cars, buses, and auto-rickshaws are visible, along with a few motorbikes. The vehicles are predominantly stuck in a traffic jam on one side of the road, while the opposite lane shows relatively free movement. A tall, modern glass building stands prominently on the right side, while other urban structures and greenery are visible around the road. The sky is overcast with a hint of sunlight peeking through the clouds.
A busy urban scene with heavy traffic on multiple lanes of a broad highway. Numerous cars, buses, and auto-rickshaws are visible, along with a few motorbikes. The vehicles are predominantly stuck in a traffic jam on one side of the road, while the opposite lane shows relatively free movement. A tall, modern glass building stands prominently on the right side, while other urban structures and greenery are visible around the road. The sky is overcast with a hint of sunlight peeking through the clouds.

Inrecentyears,theIntelligenttransportationssystem(ITS)hasreceivedconsiderable

attention,duetohigherdemandsforroadsafetyandefficiencyinhighlyinterconnected

roadnetworks.AsanessentialpartofITS,trafficpredictioncanprovidesupportin

manyaspects,suchasroadrouting,trafficcongestioncontrol,etc.Toprovideamore

comprehensiveoverviewoftheroleoftrafficforecastinginITSsystems,wewillfirst

introducethecorrespondingITSapplicationsanddiscusshowtrafficforecastingcan

improvetheperformanceoftheseapplications.Next,wewillintroducethegeneral

predictionprocedureaswellassomebasicconceptsoftrafficflowprediction,followed

byadescriptionofageneralframeworkforimplementingthetrafficflowprediction.

Inthissurvey,mainlytwosortsofpredictionmethodsarefocused,statistics-based

andmachinelearning(ML)-based..ThesetwotypesofapproachesaremoreusedinITS

trafficflowpredictionstheseyears,andservicefordifferentcontexts.Generally

speaking,thestatistics-basedmodelshavebettermodelinterpretability,butthe

rigorousmodelstructurelimitstheadaptability,whileML-basedmodelsaremore

flexible.

A busy urban intersection with multiple lanes of vehicles, including buses, cars, and taxis, waiting at a traffic light. Modern skyscrapers and buildings line the streets in the background. Pedestrians can be seen on sidewalks and crossing the street.
A busy urban intersection with multiple lanes of vehicles, including buses, cars, and taxis, waiting at a traffic light. Modern skyscrapers and buildings line the streets in the background. Pedestrians can be seen on sidewalks and crossing the street.

Asmentionedpreviously,ML-basedmodels,thathaveadeepconnectionwithvarious

fields,suchaspatternrecognition,statisticallearning,datamining,computervision,

speechrecognition,andnaturallanguageprocessing,etc.,havecaughtconsiderable

attentioninrecentyears.Multi-disciplinednaturemakesthesemethodshavebetter

adaptabilityfordifferentcontexts.Accordingly,howtodesignapracticalML-based

approachforsupportingtheITShasbecomeahotresearchtopic.InOtherprediction

algorithmsApartfromthestatistics-basedmodelsandML-basedapproachesdiscussed

above,someotherhelpfulalgorithms,suchasKalmanfilterandHiddenMarkovchain,

alsobenefittheshort-termtrafficflowprediction.Thesemethodsareuseful,butfew

mentionedinpaststudies,soitisvitaltoputthemtogethertointroduceinthis

section.

Insights

Innovative machine learning for predictive analytics solutions.

© 2025. All rights reserved.